Generally when people say "20th century music" they are referring to music that is obviously diffrent from romantic period music that was still being written into the 20th century. Even composers such as Prokofiev, Mahler and Strauss who continued to write into the 1900's wrote some or all of their music in the romantic style.
For music that can uncontestably be considered 20th century we have to look to composers like Berio, Schuller, Tubin, Henze. Berio's Psy is a great peice but Stefano Scondanibbio prepared a transcription of Berio's Sequenza XIV (for cello) which some bass players and non-bass players (!) consider better than the original.
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